ROSES25: A.14 Atmosphere

PLEASE NOTE: this program has MANDATORY Notices of Intent, which are due via NSPIRES by 8/20/2026. See the full posting on NSPIRES for details. NOTICE: September 18, 2026. Section 3.1 on participation of NASA ISFM scientists has been improved. Details on the redacted and anonymized budget requirements have been added to Table A.14-1 to be consistent with Section 4.3.2. The instructions regarding BioSketches and Current and Pending Support in Table A.14-2 have been improved. New text is in bold and deleted text is struck through. NOTICE: Amended September 16, 2026. The due date for proposals has been deferred to December 2, 2026. Also, Section 4.3.3 "Use of Generative AI" now mentions a related NSPIRES cover page question. An updated FAQ will soon be available under "Other Documents" on the right side of this NSPIRES page. NOTICE: August 4, 2026. Going forward, a $0.09/SBU charge now applies to all proposing to Earth Science (ROSES Appendix A) to use any NASA high-end computing resource. Proposers must account for this in their budget, per the instructions provided in Section 7.3 of ROSES-25 A.1 Earth Science Research Overview. NOTICE: July 30, 2026. An erroneous reference in Section 4.1 to was corrected to refer to Section 4.2 regarding Sub-element of relevance. Section 4.3.3 "Use of Generative AI" was added. On the NSPIRES cover page, the NOI Program Specific Data Cover Page Element was updated to include the Rough Budget estimate per year which is required. New text is in bold and deleted text is struck through. NOTICE: Amended July 20, 2026. This amendment adds this new program element to ROSES-2025. Mandatory Notices of Intent are due by August 20, 2026, and proposals are due October 20, 2026. Any proposal not preceded by an on-time NOI will be declined without review. Proposals submitted to this program will be evaluated using dual anonymous peer review, see Section 4.4. Proposers to this program element are strongly encouraged to use the opti